2-Bromopropionic acid (CAS No.: 598-72-1) is a crucial organic synthesis intermediate classified as a **general hazardous chemical**. Its chemical formula is C₃H₅BrO₂ with a molecular weight of 152.975. Structurally, it is derived from propionic acid, where the hydrogen atom at the 2-position is replaced by a bromine atom. This unique molecular structure endows it with excellent reactivity, making it an indispensable basic raw material in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries.
Under normal temperature, the product appears as colorless prismatic crystals, or colorless to yellow liquid (slight variations may occur due to purity and storage conditions), with no obvious odor. It exhibits both solubility and reaction adaptability—it is soluble in water and can be uniformly mixed with common organic solvents such as ethanol and diethyl ether, facilitating its application in different reaction systems. It is important to note that this product is highly irritating and may cause damage to mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Inhalation or ingestion may even lead to severe health risks such as chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema. Strict adherence to safety regulations is required during handling and storage.
The bromine atom at the 2-position has high substitution activity, enabling it to efficiently participate in various organic reactions such as nucleophilic substitution and elimination. It can serve as a key "linking unit" to promote the synthesis of downstream products, especially suitable for synthesis scenarios requiring precise introduction of brominated structures, providing an efficient reaction pathway for the preparation of pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates.
The product has good stability and can be stored for a long time under cool, ventilated conditions and away from incompatible substances (alkalis, strong reducing agents, strong oxidizing agents) without polymerization. Meanwhile, its physicochemical parameters are clearly controllable—density of 1.8±0.1 g/cm³, melting point of 25.7℃, boiling point of 202.6±13.0℃ (at 760 mmHg), and flash point of 100.0℃. The clear parameter range facilitates precise control of reaction temperature, pressure, and other conditions in industrial production, reducing the occurrence of side reactions.
It is soluble in both water and organic solvents, breaking the limitation of a single solvent system. It can be used not only in aqueous reaction systems (e.g., synthesis of some pesticide formulations) but also in oil-based reaction environments (e.g., organic solvent synthesis processes for pharmaceutical intermediates). Additionally, it has a low vapor pressure (0.1±0.8 mmHg at 25℃), which is not easily volatile during normal-temperature operations, reducing safety risks caused by vapor inhalation.
It is prepared by the propionic acid bromination method, through the process of "bromine dropping - stepwise temperature-rising reaction - vacuum distillation purification". This process can effectively remove unreacted raw materials and by-products (e.g., hydrogen bromide), ensuring product purity. It can meet the purity requirements of industrial grade and reagent grade, adapting to full-scenario applications from laboratory scale tests to industrial mass production.
With its excellent reactivity and adaptability, 2-bromopropionic acid is widely used in three major fields: agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and chemical reagents. The specific application scenarios are as follows:
As a key raw material for the production of the herbicide "napropamide", 2-bromopropionic acid reacts with naphthylamine compounds to form the core structure of napropamide. Napropamide is an efficient selective pre-emergence herbicide, mainly used to control broad-leaved weeds in crop fields such as soybeans and peanuts. It can effectively inhibit weed germination and has high safety for crops, contributing to improved quality and yield in agricultural production.
It is mainly used to prepare the amino acid pharmaceutical intermediate "alanine". Amino groups are introduced through the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-bromopropionic acid. The resulting alanine is not only an essential amino acid for the human body but also a basic raw material for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical products such as antiviral drugs and immunomodulators, providing key intermediate support for pharmaceutical R&D and production.
As a standard organic chemical reagent, it can be used for teaching demonstrations of organic synthesis reactions in laboratories, small-scale development of new synthesis processes (e.g., exploring the reaction laws of brominated compounds), and as an analytical reagent to detect the reactivity of specific functional groups in systems, providing reliable chemical raw material support for scientific research and teaching.
In view of the hazardous chemical properties of 2-bromopropionic acid, its transportation must strictly comply with national dangerous goods transportation regulations to ensure full-process safety and controllability. The specific transportation requirements are as follows:
This product belongs to Class 6.1 Toxic Substances with a Dangerous Goods Number of 61618. Transportation must be undertaken by enterprises with hazardous chemical transportation qualifications. Transport vehicles must be affixed with "toxic substance" labels and warning signs such as "keep away from fire sources" and "prevent leakage". Drivers and escorts must receive professional training and hold valid certificates.
National standard-compliant packaging forms are adopted, including screw-cap glass bottles (with outer ordinary wooden cases), crimp-cap glass bottles (covered with cushioning materials), food-grade plastic bottles, or metal drums (cans). The packaging must be tightly sealed to prevent leakage due to vibration and collision during transportation. For bulk transportation, moisture-proof and impact-resistant buffer layers should be added outside the packaging to prevent the product from getting damp or damaged by external forces.
Mixed transportation with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, alkaline substances, food, and food additives is strictly prohibited to prevent chemical reactions that may cause safety accidents or food contamination. During transportation, environmental conditions must be controlled to avoid high-temperature exposure (temperature not exceeding 30℃) and rain soaking. Vehicles must be equipped with sunshades and rainproof cloths, and carry leakage emergency treatment equipment (e.g., adsorbent sand, neutralizing reagents, chemical protective clothing) to respond to sudden leakage incidents.
Road transportation must follow the hazardous chemical transportation routes designated by the traffic management department, avoiding sensitive areas such as residential areas, schools, and water sources. Railway transportation must comply with the loading requirements in the *Regulations on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods*, and be placed separately from other goods. The transportation status must be monitored in real time to ensure the safe delivery of goods.
2-Bromopropionic acid (CAS No.: 598-72-1) is a crucial organic synthesis intermediate classified as a **general hazardous chemical**. Its chemical formula is C₃H₅BrO₂ with a molecular weight of 152.975. Structurally, it is derived from propionic acid, where the hydrogen atom at the 2-position is replaced by a bromine atom. This unique molecular structure endows it with excellent reactivity, making it an indispensable basic raw material in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries.
Under normal temperature, the product appears as colorless prismatic crystals, or colorless to yellow liquid (slight variations may occur due to purity and storage conditions), with no obvious odor. It exhibits both solubility and reaction adaptability—it is soluble in water and can be uniformly mixed with common organic solvents such as ethanol and diethyl ether, facilitating its application in different reaction systems. It is important to note that this product is highly irritating and may cause damage to mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Inhalation or ingestion may even lead to severe health risks such as chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema. Strict adherence to safety regulations is required during handling and storage.
The bromine atom at the 2-position has high substitution activity, enabling it to efficiently participate in various organic reactions such as nucleophilic substitution and elimination. It can serve as a key "linking unit" to promote the synthesis of downstream products, especially suitable for synthesis scenarios requiring precise introduction of brominated structures, providing an efficient reaction pathway for the preparation of pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates.
The product has good stability and can be stored for a long time under cool, ventilated conditions and away from incompatible substances (alkalis, strong reducing agents, strong oxidizing agents) without polymerization. Meanwhile, its physicochemical parameters are clearly controllable—density of 1.8±0.1 g/cm³, melting point of 25.7℃, boiling point of 202.6±13.0℃ (at 760 mmHg), and flash point of 100.0℃. The clear parameter range facilitates precise control of reaction temperature, pressure, and other conditions in industrial production, reducing the occurrence of side reactions.
It is soluble in both water and organic solvents, breaking the limitation of a single solvent system. It can be used not only in aqueous reaction systems (e.g., synthesis of some pesticide formulations) but also in oil-based reaction environments (e.g., organic solvent synthesis processes for pharmaceutical intermediates). Additionally, it has a low vapor pressure (0.1±0.8 mmHg at 25℃), which is not easily volatile during normal-temperature operations, reducing safety risks caused by vapor inhalation.
It is prepared by the propionic acid bromination method, through the process of "bromine dropping - stepwise temperature-rising reaction - vacuum distillation purification". This process can effectively remove unreacted raw materials and by-products (e.g., hydrogen bromide), ensuring product purity. It can meet the purity requirements of industrial grade and reagent grade, adapting to full-scenario applications from laboratory scale tests to industrial mass production.
With its excellent reactivity and adaptability, 2-bromopropionic acid is widely used in three major fields: agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and chemical reagents. The specific application scenarios are as follows:
As a key raw material for the production of the herbicide "napropamide", 2-bromopropionic acid reacts with naphthylamine compounds to form the core structure of napropamide. Napropamide is an efficient selective pre-emergence herbicide, mainly used to control broad-leaved weeds in crop fields such as soybeans and peanuts. It can effectively inhibit weed germination and has high safety for crops, contributing to improved quality and yield in agricultural production.
It is mainly used to prepare the amino acid pharmaceutical intermediate "alanine". Amino groups are introduced through the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-bromopropionic acid. The resulting alanine is not only an essential amino acid for the human body but also a basic raw material for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical products such as antiviral drugs and immunomodulators, providing key intermediate support for pharmaceutical R&D and production.
As a standard organic chemical reagent, it can be used for teaching demonstrations of organic synthesis reactions in laboratories, small-scale development of new synthesis processes (e.g., exploring the reaction laws of brominated compounds), and as an analytical reagent to detect the reactivity of specific functional groups in systems, providing reliable chemical raw material support for scientific research and teaching.
In view of the hazardous chemical properties of 2-bromopropionic acid, its transportation must strictly comply with national dangerous goods transportation regulations to ensure full-process safety and controllability. The specific transportation requirements are as follows:
This product belongs to Class 6.1 Toxic Substances with a Dangerous Goods Number of 61618. Transportation must be undertaken by enterprises with hazardous chemical transportation qualifications. Transport vehicles must be affixed with "toxic substance" labels and warning signs such as "keep away from fire sources" and "prevent leakage". Drivers and escorts must receive professional training and hold valid certificates.
National standard-compliant packaging forms are adopted, including screw-cap glass bottles (with outer ordinary wooden cases), crimp-cap glass bottles (covered with cushioning materials), food-grade plastic bottles, or metal drums (cans). The packaging must be tightly sealed to prevent leakage due to vibration and collision during transportation. For bulk transportation, moisture-proof and impact-resistant buffer layers should be added outside the packaging to prevent the product from getting damp or damaged by external forces.
Mixed transportation with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, alkaline substances, food, and food additives is strictly prohibited to prevent chemical reactions that may cause safety accidents or food contamination. During transportation, environmental conditions must be controlled to avoid high-temperature exposure (temperature not exceeding 30℃) and rain soaking. Vehicles must be equipped with sunshades and rainproof cloths, and carry leakage emergency treatment equipment (e.g., adsorbent sand, neutralizing reagents, chemical protective clothing) to respond to sudden leakage incidents.
Road transportation must follow the hazardous chemical transportation routes designated by the traffic management department, avoiding sensitive areas such as residential areas, schools, and water sources. Railway transportation must comply with the loading requirements in the *Regulations on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods*, and be placed separately from other goods. The transportation status must be monitored in real time to ensure the safe delivery of goods.
