This product is benzalkonium chloride, commonly used in the pharmaceutical and industrial fields, with clear core identification information (CAS No.: 8001-54-5; English name: Benzalkonium chloride). It appears as a yellowish-white waxy solid or colloid, with a unique aromatic odor and an extremely bitter taste, belonging to a typical **cationic surfactant**. Its molecular structure takes a benzyl group as the functional core, connected to an N,N-dimethylamine group and alkyl chains with a carbon chain length of C8-C18 (molecular formula: C₆H₅CH₂N(CH₃)₂RCl, where R represents alkyl groups ranging from C₈H₁₇ to C₁₈H₃₇). It has a molecular weight of 354.013 and an exact mass of 353.284943.
In terms of physicochemical properties, this product has a density of 0.98 g/mL (at 25°C) and a boiling point higher than 100°C under normal pressure of 760 mmHg. It possesses the solubility advantage of being "easily soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol", which not only facilitates uniform dispersion in aqueous systems but also adapts to some mixed formulations containing alcohol. For storage, it should be packed in plastic barrels and placed in a cool and well-ventilated indoor area to ensure its stability and prevent performance degradation caused by environmental factors.
As a non-oxidizing bactericide, this product achieves bactericidal effects without relying on oxidation reactions, avoiding secondary damage to application scenarios (such as equipment corrosion and damage to formulation components) caused by oxidizing agents. At the same time, it has broad-spectrum and high-efficiency bactericidal capabilities—it can not only inhibit the reproduction of various bacteria but also accurately control the growth of algae and the formation of slime in water. Combined with excellent slime stripping performance and certain dispersion and penetration effects, it can deeply remove the slime layer attached to the surface of equipment, reducing the risks of microbial blockage and corrosion.
In terms of biological effects, this product exhibits obvious **dose-dependent cytotoxicity**—within the concentration range of 0.0001%-0.5%, cytotoxicity increases with the rise of concentration. Moreover, different cells show significant differences in sensitivity to it. For example, the half-effective concentration (ED50) for normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) is 3.9 μM, while the ED50 for human embryonic lung fibroblasts (NB1RGB) is 62 μM. This difference provides a scientific basis for concentration regulation in different scenarios, enabling a balance between "exerting effective functions" and "reducing non-target damage".
Under conventional storage conditions (cool, ventilated, and sealed in plastic barrels), this product is not prone to decomposition or deterioration and has good high-temperature resistance (boiling point > 100°C). Even when used in some high-temperature industrial scenarios, it can maintain stable bactericidal and dispersion effects without frequent reagent supplementation.
It can not only meet the "precision anti-corrosion" needs in the pharmaceutical field (e.g., preservatives for eye drops) but also adapt to the "high-efficiency bactericidal and slime-removing" scenarios in industrial water treatment. Additionally, it can assist daily chemical disinfectant products in enhancing antibacterial effects under the premise of strict concentration control. There is no need to develop special formulations for different scenarios, reducing the user's application costs and adaptation difficulties.
As an antibacterial agent, this product can function at low concentrations. For instance, the commonly used concentration of 0.01% in the pharmaceutical field can effectively inhibit microbial contamination in eye drops while reducing impacts on human cells through strict dose control (animal experiments have shown that a concentration of 0.02% causes no abnormal irritation to monkey nasal epithelium). Compared with traditional bactericides, its "non-oxidizing" property further reduces harm to the environment and equipment.
This product has clear and mature preparation routes, and can be mass-produced through two mainstream processes: one is "condensation of dimethyldodecylamine and benzyl chloride" (reaction at 50°C for 3-4 hours with a clear raw material ratio), and the other is "catalytic amination of dodecanol and dimethylamine". Both processes have the characteristics of easily available raw materials and mild reaction conditions (no extreme high temperature or high pressure), facilitating large-scale production and ensuring the stability of market supply.
As a core preservative component in eye drop formulations, this product can effectively prevent bacterial growth in the liquid during storage and use, avoiding the risk of eye infections. In practical application, the concentration must be strictly controlled within the range of 0.01%-0.02%: a concentration of 0.01% can meet conventional anti-corrosion needs and has controllable impacts on nasal epithelial cell viability; a concentration of 0.02% has been verified through animal experiments (observation of monkey nasal epithelium) to cause no abnormal irritation, and can be adapted to eye drop formulations with higher anti-corrosion requirements.
In scenarios such as circulating water systems and cooling water treatment, this product can inhibit the reproduction of algae such as green algae and cyanobacteria to prevent pipeline blockage. At the same time, its slime stripping effect can remove the slime layer on the inner wall of equipment, reducing microbial corrosion of metal equipment and maintaining the efficient operation of water treatment systems. It is recommended to adjust the concentration according to the degree of water pollution; generally, a low dose "that can inhibit microbial growth" is preferred to avoid excessive use affecting the aquatic environment.
In some skin care and disinfectant daily chemical products, this product can be added under the premise of strict concentration control. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial ability is utilized to enhance the bacteriostatic effect of the products. It should be noted that due to the certain irritancy of this product to the skin, it needs to be combined with mild ingredients such as glycerin and panthenol to neutralize irritation, and the concentration must be controlled within a safe range (avoiding exceeding 0.1%) to ensure no discomfort during use.
This product is a corrosive hazardous material, with a European hazard code of C (corrosive) and N (harmful to the environment), and a hazardous material transport code of UN 3261 8/PG 3. During transportation, it must strictly comply with the *Regulations on the Transportation of Hazardous Materials*; mixed loading with ordinary goods is strictly prohibited, and the transport vehicle must be affixed with clear warning signs for "corrosive" and "environmentally hazardous".
It should be hermetically packed in corrosion-resistant plastic barrels, and the barrel body must be marked with complete information (product name, CAS No., hazard statements, safety statements, RTECS No.: BO3151000). The safety statements should highlight "S45: Seek medical advice immediately in case of accident or discomfort", "S61: Avoid release to the environment", and "S36/S37/S39: Wear protective clothing, gloves and goggles/face shields" to facilitate transport personnel in identifying risks.
- Transport Environment: The vehicle should be kept cool and well-ventilated, avoiding exposure to high temperatures, severe vibrations, or rain to prevent package damage and leakage.
- Personnel Operation: During loading and unloading, operators must wear full sets of protective equipment (chemical protective clothing, nitrile gloves, goggles) and are strictly prohibited from direct contact with the product.
- Leakage Handling: In case of leakage, the leakage area must be isolated immediately; the leaked material should be cleaned up with absorbent cotton (or corrosion-resistant absorbent materials) to prevent infiltration into soil or water. At the same time, contact environmental protection departments and professional treatment institutions, and strictly prohibit random disposal of the leaked material.
This product is benzalkonium chloride, commonly used in the pharmaceutical and industrial fields, with clear core identification information (CAS No.: 8001-54-5; English name: Benzalkonium chloride). It appears as a yellowish-white waxy solid or colloid, with a unique aromatic odor and an extremely bitter taste, belonging to a typical **cationic surfactant**. Its molecular structure takes a benzyl group as the functional core, connected to an N,N-dimethylamine group and alkyl chains with a carbon chain length of C8-C18 (molecular formula: C₆H₅CH₂N(CH₃)₂RCl, where R represents alkyl groups ranging from C₈H₁₇ to C₁₈H₃₇). It has a molecular weight of 354.013 and an exact mass of 353.284943.
In terms of physicochemical properties, this product has a density of 0.98 g/mL (at 25°C) and a boiling point higher than 100°C under normal pressure of 760 mmHg. It possesses the solubility advantage of being "easily soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol", which not only facilitates uniform dispersion in aqueous systems but also adapts to some mixed formulations containing alcohol. For storage, it should be packed in plastic barrels and placed in a cool and well-ventilated indoor area to ensure its stability and prevent performance degradation caused by environmental factors.
As a non-oxidizing bactericide, this product achieves bactericidal effects without relying on oxidation reactions, avoiding secondary damage to application scenarios (such as equipment corrosion and damage to formulation components) caused by oxidizing agents. At the same time, it has broad-spectrum and high-efficiency bactericidal capabilities—it can not only inhibit the reproduction of various bacteria but also accurately control the growth of algae and the formation of slime in water. Combined with excellent slime stripping performance and certain dispersion and penetration effects, it can deeply remove the slime layer attached to the surface of equipment, reducing the risks of microbial blockage and corrosion.
In terms of biological effects, this product exhibits obvious **dose-dependent cytotoxicity**—within the concentration range of 0.0001%-0.5%, cytotoxicity increases with the rise of concentration. Moreover, different cells show significant differences in sensitivity to it. For example, the half-effective concentration (ED50) for normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) is 3.9 μM, while the ED50 for human embryonic lung fibroblasts (NB1RGB) is 62 μM. This difference provides a scientific basis for concentration regulation in different scenarios, enabling a balance between "exerting effective functions" and "reducing non-target damage".
Under conventional storage conditions (cool, ventilated, and sealed in plastic barrels), this product is not prone to decomposition or deterioration and has good high-temperature resistance (boiling point > 100°C). Even when used in some high-temperature industrial scenarios, it can maintain stable bactericidal and dispersion effects without frequent reagent supplementation.
It can not only meet the "precision anti-corrosion" needs in the pharmaceutical field (e.g., preservatives for eye drops) but also adapt to the "high-efficiency bactericidal and slime-removing" scenarios in industrial water treatment. Additionally, it can assist daily chemical disinfectant products in enhancing antibacterial effects under the premise of strict concentration control. There is no need to develop special formulations for different scenarios, reducing the user's application costs and adaptation difficulties.
As an antibacterial agent, this product can function at low concentrations. For instance, the commonly used concentration of 0.01% in the pharmaceutical field can effectively inhibit microbial contamination in eye drops while reducing impacts on human cells through strict dose control (animal experiments have shown that a concentration of 0.02% causes no abnormal irritation to monkey nasal epithelium). Compared with traditional bactericides, its "non-oxidizing" property further reduces harm to the environment and equipment.
This product has clear and mature preparation routes, and can be mass-produced through two mainstream processes: one is "condensation of dimethyldodecylamine and benzyl chloride" (reaction at 50°C for 3-4 hours with a clear raw material ratio), and the other is "catalytic amination of dodecanol and dimethylamine". Both processes have the characteristics of easily available raw materials and mild reaction conditions (no extreme high temperature or high pressure), facilitating large-scale production and ensuring the stability of market supply.
As a core preservative component in eye drop formulations, this product can effectively prevent bacterial growth in the liquid during storage and use, avoiding the risk of eye infections. In practical application, the concentration must be strictly controlled within the range of 0.01%-0.02%: a concentration of 0.01% can meet conventional anti-corrosion needs and has controllable impacts on nasal epithelial cell viability; a concentration of 0.02% has been verified through animal experiments (observation of monkey nasal epithelium) to cause no abnormal irritation, and can be adapted to eye drop formulations with higher anti-corrosion requirements.
In scenarios such as circulating water systems and cooling water treatment, this product can inhibit the reproduction of algae such as green algae and cyanobacteria to prevent pipeline blockage. At the same time, its slime stripping effect can remove the slime layer on the inner wall of equipment, reducing microbial corrosion of metal equipment and maintaining the efficient operation of water treatment systems. It is recommended to adjust the concentration according to the degree of water pollution; generally, a low dose "that can inhibit microbial growth" is preferred to avoid excessive use affecting the aquatic environment.
In some skin care and disinfectant daily chemical products, this product can be added under the premise of strict concentration control. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial ability is utilized to enhance the bacteriostatic effect of the products. It should be noted that due to the certain irritancy of this product to the skin, it needs to be combined with mild ingredients such as glycerin and panthenol to neutralize irritation, and the concentration must be controlled within a safe range (avoiding exceeding 0.1%) to ensure no discomfort during use.
This product is a corrosive hazardous material, with a European hazard code of C (corrosive) and N (harmful to the environment), and a hazardous material transport code of UN 3261 8/PG 3. During transportation, it must strictly comply with the *Regulations on the Transportation of Hazardous Materials*; mixed loading with ordinary goods is strictly prohibited, and the transport vehicle must be affixed with clear warning signs for "corrosive" and "environmentally hazardous".
It should be hermetically packed in corrosion-resistant plastic barrels, and the barrel body must be marked with complete information (product name, CAS No., hazard statements, safety statements, RTECS No.: BO3151000). The safety statements should highlight "S45: Seek medical advice immediately in case of accident or discomfort", "S61: Avoid release to the environment", and "S36/S37/S39: Wear protective clothing, gloves and goggles/face shields" to facilitate transport personnel in identifying risks.
- Transport Environment: The vehicle should be kept cool and well-ventilated, avoiding exposure to high temperatures, severe vibrations, or rain to prevent package damage and leakage.
- Personnel Operation: During loading and unloading, operators must wear full sets of protective equipment (chemical protective clothing, nitrile gloves, goggles) and are strictly prohibited from direct contact with the product.
- Leakage Handling: In case of leakage, the leakage area must be isolated immediately; the leaked material should be cleaned up with absorbent cotton (or corrosion-resistant absorbent materials) to prevent infiltration into soil or water. At the same time, contact environmental protection departments and professional treatment institutions, and strictly prohibit random disposal of the leaked material.
